بررسی جرم شناختی مجموعه تلویزیونی«سرقت پول»

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران

چکیده

فیلم جنایی، رسانه‌ای فرهنگی است و در ساخت پدیده اجتماعی و القاء شیوه تفکر نقش‌آفرینی می‌کند. این پژوهش با هدف تقویت مطالعات جرم‌شناسی و ارائه راهکار به دنبال پاسخ به این پرسش است که بازنمایی والقا نوع نگرش به جرم، مجرم و عدالت کیفری در مجموعه «سرقت پول» متأثر از کدام دسته از نظریه‌های جرم‌شناسی است. به نظر می‌رسد بازنمایی در این مجموعه عموماً متاثر از نظریه جرم‌شناسی انتقادی است‌. در این مقاله مجموعه «سرقت پول» با روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی مورد بررسی قرارگرفته است. یافته‌ها حاکی از تقابل میان منافع حاکمان و محکومان، اثرپذیری جرم از عوامل اجتماعی، ارتکاب جرم به منزله مقاومت و ایستادگی در مقابله سرمایه‌داری و دیدگاه‌های عموماً انتقادی و رادیکال جرم‌شناسی است. الگوهای روایتی، بیشتر شامل نابرابری‌های اجتماعی ازجمله فقر، بیکاری و تبعیض جنسیتی، فساد نظام سرمایه‌داری و نقش آن در ارتکاب جرم و ناکارآمدی مجازات است. با رمزگشایی بازنمایی متن و زیرمتن‌ها، سارقان، قهرمان مردمی هستند و در مقابل نابرابری‌های حاکم بر جامعه قیام کرده‌اند. مأموران اجرای قانون، عموماً نالایق و فاسد هستند. در سیاست خودی/ غیرخودیِ، دور شدن از مرکز قدرت موجب افزایش شعاع حلقه غیرخودی‌ها و کاهش شعاع حلقه حمایت قانونی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Money Heist: A Critical Analysis of Criminal Identity and Criminological Perspectives in Popular Culture

نویسنده [English]

  • marjan negahi
law faculty, assistant prof.,Payam noor University, Tehran
چکیده [English]

The television series "Money Heist" has become a popular cultural phenomenon with significant implications for society's perceptions of crime, criminal justice, and criminology. This study examines the dual function of cinema, which can contribute to the creation of criminal elements and motives while also playing a crucial role in addressing crimes and enhancing awareness among criminal justice agents and preventive measures.
Using qualitative content analysis, this research focuses on chapters one and two of "Money Heist," selecting sequences relevant to the topic and summarizing key propositions after removing duplicates. The raw data for this analysis was derived from reviewing characters, items, dialogues, and themes within the series.
"Money Heist" was produced in Spain in 2017 and directed by Alex Pina. The series revolves around a character known as the "Professor," who recruits experienced thieves with criminal convictions to execute an elaborate plan involving the Spanish National Mint. The thieves take hostages and print millions of euros, driven by their frustration with government injustice and perceived categorization as absolute good or absolute bad. Committing robbery is their lifestyle, and they revel in it, aiming to execute the most perfect heist in history.
Through an examination of the criminal identity of the robbers and the inspector, this study draws on critical and radical criminology approaches, including labeling theories, conflict criminology, general theory of pressure, neutralization, feminist criminology, and developmental prevention. The findings reveal significant theoretical foundations, such as the conflict between rulers and the condemned, social factors influencing crime, resistance against capitalism, and radical and feminist perspectives. The study analyzes the role of the government and the criminal justice system in the formation of criminal motivations, the process of criminality, and factors affecting crime commission.
Employing cultural criminology, the research investigates internal factors shaping the criminal identity and process. The series portrays robbery and hostage-taking as political activities and resistance in a capitalist society, reflecting a dominant view of social determinism. Narrative patterns in the series often emphasize social inequalities like poverty, unemployment, and gender discrimination, portraying the corruption of the capitalist system and its role in facilitating crime while ridiculing the effectiveness of punishment and law enforcement.
Additionally, feminist and postmodern approaches highlight the double deprivation of social and legal rights for women in patriarchal societies. The series' approach to crime is influenced by postmodern and critical criminology, emphasizing power, discourse, and mentality, and considering crime as a construct of criminalization by the legislator rather than possessing inherent characteristics.
The series' widespread popularity and the audience's identification with the hostage takers suggest shared experiences of suffering, joy, hopes, and marginalized discourses. Language and discourse play essential roles in influencing crime commission, with forbidden or marginalized narratives providing opportunities for criminal behavior.
Dealing with crime and prevention necessitates collaboration among various institutions, including the government, cultural bodies, and the judicial system. Good governance, characterized by transparency, legality, accountability, and justice-oriented practices, plays a vital role in reducing crime rates and increasing legitimacy. Enacting fair laws, ensuring legal protections without discrimination, and involving diverse social classes, minorities, and cultural groups in the legislative process are crucial to achieving social and economic justice.
In conclusion, "Money Heist" serves as a lens to examine criminal identity and criminological perspectives in popular culture, shedding light on how media influences perceptions of crime, justice, and governance. Understanding the impact of such cultural media is essential for shaping effective crime prevention strategies and fostering a just and equitable society.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crime Film
  • Narrative
  • Representation
  • Cultural Criminology
  • Research Narrative Criminology
  • Feminist Criminology

مراجع

Aghaei, S. (2018). Media and crime from the perspective of cultural criminology, Criminal Law and Criminology studies,8(1), 1-35. [In Persian]
Aghaei, S. (2017). The application of cultural criminology in the analysis of children and adolescents' delinquency, focusing on the concept of carnival, adrenaline and second life, Criminal Law and Criminology Research Journal, 6(11), 191-214. [In Persian]
Allahvardi, F., Farjiha, M. (2014). Media Criminalization: Encoding and Decoding Shock Documentary, 9(1(, 1-17. [In Persian]
Azad Eramaki, T. (2008). Investigation of the functions of cinema in Iran, sociology of art and literature, 1(2), 130-99. [In Persian]
Bahmani, M., Khushgoyan Fard, A. (2014). Analysis of narrative in fiction films based on structuralism and poststructuralism approach (a case study of the film noghte Kur), Communication Research Quarterly, 82(2), 26-9. [In Persian]
Bahrini, S and Hosseini,M. (2017). Language as a representation of culture, from Stuart Hall's point of view according to Ferdinand de Saussure's point of view, Philosophical Journal of Cognition, 79(1), 7-22. [In Persian]
Bokharai, A. (2012). Sociology of social deviations, 4th edition, Tehran, Payam Noor, [In Persian]
Bordel, D. (2015). The Art of Film: Documentary, Experimental, Animation, translated by Fatah Mohammadi, published by Raunq, (Fidibo electronic version). [In Persian]
Brodeur, V. (2018). Female law enforcement police officer's experiences of workplace harassment, M.A thesis, California State University, San Bernardino
Danesh Nari, H. and Hosseini, S. (2019). Analysis of the content of the movie "Joker" with the approach of cultural criminology, Global Media Journal, 15(1), 77-98. [In Persian]
Danesh Nari, H. and Nisari Javan, E. (2019). Criminal analysis of gender-oriented approaches in Iranian cinematographic works, the case study of the movie "Mastaneh", Criminal Law Research, 8(1), 41-73. [In Persian]
Dehaqani, E., et al. (2019). The relationship between virtual social networks and committing violent crimes, Intelligence and Criminal Research Quarterly, 13(1), 65-90. [In Persian]
Delmas Marti, M. (2008). The paradigm of war against crime, legitimizing the inhumanity, translated by Ruhuddin Kurdalivand, New Criminal Sciences, first edition, Tehran, Mizan Legal Foundation. [In Persian]
Gassin, R. (1995). Theoretical criminology, translated by Mehdi Kaynia, Tehran, Majd. [In Persian]
Ghasemi Moghadam, H. (2008). Risk management approach in the prevention of recidivism, the first national conference on crime prevention (collection of articles), Naja police applied research office. [In Persian]
Hall, S. (2012). Meaning, culture. Social life, translated by A. Golmohammadi, Tehran, Nei publication. [In Persian]
Ishaqpour, Y. (2018). Kiarostami Behind and on Reality, translated by Mohammad Reza Sheikhi, Tehran, Shoor Afarin publishing house (Fidibo edition). [In Persian]
Jess Ladi, L. (2018). Peaceful Criminology, Translated by Hanieh Hejbralsadati, Tehran, Mizan Legal Foundation. [In Persian]
John Fiske. (2013). Television and Culture, translated by Mezgan Broumand, Organon Magazine, (19). [In Persian]
Kari Yu, R. (2018). Early psychological-social interventions in the prevention of criminal behavior, Journal of Legal Research, translated by Ali Hossein Najafi Abrandabadi, (35 & 36), 267-295. [In Persian]
Khodadadi, F. and Taheri, H. (2017). Explaining the differences between narrative and non-narrative text, Literary Research Text, (71), 29-47. [In Persian]
Mahmoudi Bakhtiari, B. and Ghanion, K. (2017). Opposition in Iranian Cinema: A Post-Structuralist Approach, Women in Culture and Art Magazine, 9(3), 384-359. [In Persian]
Menel, B. (2014). Cities and Cinemas, Navid Pour Mohammadreza and Nima Isapour, Bidgol. Publishing, Tehran, (Fidibo version), [In Persian]
Najafi Abrandabadi, A. and Goldouzian, H. (2017). Postmodern criminology and its approach to crime and etiology, Criminal Law Research, (23), 46-9. [In Persian]
Najafi Abrandabadi, A. (2008). A summary of criminology topics, compiled by Mojtaba Jafari. [In Persian]
Najafi Abrandabadi, A. (2019). Sociology of Crime, Lectures on Criminal Sociology, revised and edited by Hamed Safai Atashgah. [In Persian]
Najafi Abrandabadi, A. (2011-2012). From critical criminology to security criminology, criminology course presentations, prepared by Sakineh Khanalipour and Mehdi Ghorbani, Shahid Beheshti University. [In Persian]
Rahmani, S., Jafari, A. (2021). Prevention of committing honor killings against women by looking at the feminist theory of criminology, Scientific Quarterly of Crime Prevention Studies, (59), 23-45. [In Persian]
Rashidian, A. (2015). Postmodern Culture, Second Edition, Tehran, Ney Publishing. [In Persian]
Sadeghi Fasaei, S. (2019). Crime: Constructed by Subjectivity, Discourse and Power, Law Research Quarterly, (‌33), 213-234. [In Persian]
Sadiq Sarvestani, R. (2006). May God have mercy on him, Social Pathology, Tehran, Samt Publications. [In Persian]
Saussur, F. (2015). General Linguistics, translated by Korosh Safavi, Tehran, Hermes Publications. [In Persian]
Seeger, L. (2016). Subtext in the screenplay: What is hidden, Translated by Mehdi Kia, second edition, Tehran, Cheshme Publishing House, (Fidibo version) [In Persian]
Storey, J. (2008). Cultural studies on popular culture, translated by Hossein Payandeh, Tehran, Neshar-Age. [In Persian]
Voled, G. (2013). Theoretical Criminology, translated by Ali Shayan, Tehran, Samt Publications. [In Persian]
White, R., and Haines, F. (2015). Crime and Criminology, translated by Ali Salimi, Hoza and University Research Institute, Qom, 7th edition. [In Persian]
Wooddruff, R. (1922). Classification of the causes of crime, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 12(1), 105-110. [In Persian]
Zadeh Bagheri, V. et al (2020). Investigation of the relationship between sensation seeking and committing crimes in children and adolescents of Yasouj city in 2019, Armaghan Danesh magazine, 26(1) (144). [In Persian]
Alivardi Nia, A., Riahi, M., Mousavi Chashmeh, S. (2018). Sociological Study of Delinquency: An Experimental Test of Agnew's General Theory of Pressure, Iranian Journal of Sociology, 8(‌2), 82- 111. [In Persian]
American Psychological Association Dictionary.
   Http://dictionary.apa.org/Stockholm-syndrome, available at 10/15/2022.
Cerezo, A. I. (2016). Women in prison in Spain: the implementation of Bangkok Rules to the Spanish prison legislation, European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, l22(2) 1-26. [In Persian]
Charissa, C. (2019). Meaning Making through Narratives: Extended Narratives Analysis for Criminological Examination of Documentary Films, The Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice and Criminology, l7(3).
Croteau, D. and Hoynes, W. (2019). Media and Society, industries, images and audiences, Sixth Edition, Sage Publication.
David, B, M. (2018). Women in policing: Breaking barriers and Blazing a Path, National Institute of Justice Special Report, u.s Department of Justice
Dekeseredy, W. S. (2013). Contemporary Critical Criminology, Dadgstar Publishing.
Ferrell, J. (1999). Cultural criminology, Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 395-418
Giro, P. (2008). Encoding and decoding in cultural studies, translated by Sh. Vaqfipour et al., Tehran, Nasher Ney, [In Persian]
Habibzadeh, A., Afkhami, H., Naderpour, M. (2008). Investigating the dual role of the media in the prevention and occurrence of crimes, Social Order Quarterly, (2), 142-108. [In Persian].
Hall, S. (2019). Excerpts from the act of representation, translated by Ehsan Shagasmi, (3), Tehran, Research Institute of Cultural and Social Studies. [In Persian]
Havako, G. (1982). Sociology of Cinema, translated by Behrouz Torani, Tehran, Aineh Publishing. [In Persian]
Henry, S. & Milovanovic, D. (2000) Constitutive criminology: origins, core concepts and evaluation, Social Justice, 27(21), published online https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-019-09437-9
Lerni, M., and Maslahati, H. (2007). Thinking on the functional role of the media in creating public participation and public security and public security, Social Security Studies Quarterly (67)
Maruna, S. (2020). Where is the storytelling going? A critical analysis of the emerging field of narrative criminology, annual review of criminology, Queens University,,Belfast,4,125,https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-061020-021757
Milovanovic, D. (2007). The legalistic definition of crime and an alternative view, Official State Gazette, (281).
Presser, L. (2020). Narrative Criminology. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice.
Presser, L., and Sveinung, S. (2019). Narrative criminology as critical criminology, critica.
Rader, N. E., and Rhineberger, G. M. (2010). A Typology of Victim Characterization in Television Crime Dramas, Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, School of Criminal Justice,17 (1), 231-263.
Rafter, N. (2006). Shots in the mirror: Crime Film and Society, 2 ed, New York, Axford University Press.
Sadr Tohidkhaneh, M. (2008). Laws in the enemy's core, from the American policy of countering terror to the German theory of the enemy's criminal law, New Criminal Sciences, first edition, Tehran, Mizan Legal Foundation. [In Persian]
Sediq Sarvestani, R. (2006). Social Pathology, Tehran, Samt Publications.
Shams Nateri, M., Mustafapour, A. (2017). The intersection of criminological ideas of "rehabilitation" and "disability" in the 1992 Penal Law, Criminal Law Research Journal, 1(15), 111-134. [In Persian]
Siegel, L. J. (2001). Criminology: theories, patterns and typologies, Wadsworth,
Spina, F. (2017). Crime films, criminology and criminal justice, Oxford University Press, 22
Strinati, D. (2008). An introduction to theories of popular culture, Translated by Teriya Pak Nazar, Tehran, Gam No. [In Persian]
Sultani, A. (2012). Power of Discourse and Language, 4th edition, Tehran, Ney Publishing. [In Persian]
Welsh, F., Dowler, A., Thomas, K. (2011). Constructing crime and justice on film: meaning and message in cinema, Contemporary Justice Review, 14(4), 457-476.
Yan, M., et al. (2009). Theories of criminology, translated by Hamidreza Malek Mohammadi, Tehran, Mizan. [In Persian]

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار