تعهدات حقوق بشری گروه‌های مسلح غیر دولتی در مخاصمات مسلحانه غیر بین‌المللی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه حقوق محیط زیست، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

10.22099/jls.2021.38699.4113

چکیده

امروزه اکثر مخاصمات مسلحانه، مخاصمات مسلحانه غیر بین‌المللی است. این‌مخاصمات که‌برای مدت‌زمانی طولانی ادامه می‌یابد میان یک‌یا‌چند گروه مسلح غیر دولتی با یک کشور یا میان چنین گروه‌های مسلحی در داخل قلمرو یک کشور رخ می‌دهد. افزایش گروه‌های در دهه‌های اخیر و همچنین تاثیر فزاینده‌ای که این گروه‌های مسلح بر زندگی غیرنظامیان وارد نموده‌اند، موجب افزایش توجه جامعه بین‌المللی بر این گروه‌های مسلح شد. با توجه به ماهیت طولانی بودن این مخاصمات مسلحانه و همچنین طیف وسیعی از فعالیت‌های حاکمیتی و غیر حاکمیتی که گروه‌های مسلح در آن مشارکت می‌کنند، حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه قادر به تنظیم روابط میان گروه‌های مسلح و غیرنظامیان که ارتباطی با مخاصمه مسلحانه ندارد، نیست. حقوقی که براین موارد اجرا می‌شود حقوق بشر است. هر چند امروزه پذیرفته شده است که حقوق بشر در مخاصمات مسلحانه نیز اجرا می‌شود، با این حال با توجه به ماهیت حقوق بشر که به منظور تنظیم روابط کشورها و افراد تابع صلاحیت آن‌ها ایجاد شده است، ملزم بودن گروه‌های مسلح به حقوق بشر مجادلات بسیاری را میان کشورها و حقوقدانان ایجاد کرده است. صرف‌نظر از این مجادلات، رویه حقوقی امروزی متمایل به این نظر است که گروه‌های مسلحی که بر قلمرو کنترل دفاکتو اعمال می‌کنند، ملزم به حقوق بشر هستند. در این مقاله درصددیم با بررسی رویه بین‌المللی و دکترین به اثبات ملزم بودن گروه‌های مسلح به حقوق بشر بپردازیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Armed Groups in Non-International Armed Conflicts

نویسندگان [English]

  • Iman Montazeri 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Ramezani Ghavam Abadi 2
1 International Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Environmental Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Nowadays the vast majority of armed conflicts are non-international conflicts. Mostof these conflicts, which last for along time take place between one or more non-state armed groups with one country or between such armed groups within the territory ofa state. The proliferation ofarmed groups in recent decades aswell as the growing impact ofthese armed groups on civilians, has caused the international community's concern. Given the protracted nature of these armed conflicts, as well as the wide range of governmental and non-governmental activities in which armed groups participate international humanitarian law is unable to regulate the relations between armed groups and civilians about activities that have no nexus to armed conflict. The law that applies to these cases is human rights law. Although it is wieldy accepted that human rights law also applies in armed conflicts given to the nature of human rights law that was created to regulate the relationship between states and individuals within their jurisdiction the applicability of human rights law on armed groups leads to many controversies between states and doctrine. Despite these controversies, current legal practice tends to argue that armed groups who exercise de facto control over territory are bound by human rights law. In this article by examining practice and doctrine, we try to prove that armed groups are bound by human rights law.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Armed Groups
  • Civilian. De Facto Control. Human Rights Law
  • Internal Armed conflicts. International Humanitarian Law
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