معیار ارزیابی نتایج حاصل از مطالعات و پژوهش‌های علمی در نظام حل و فصل اختلافات سازمان تجارت جهانی، داوری های سرمایه گذاری و مقررات داوری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه شیراز

2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه حقوق، دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

گاهی اوقات، در خصوص یک امر موضوعی اختلافی حادث می­شود؛ به‌گونه‌ای که یکی از طرفین با دلایل علمی، صحت آن و دیگری کذب آن را اثبات می­کند. این مقاله با هدف شناسایی رویکرد مراجع حل و فصل اختلافات در سطح داخلی و بین­المللی، به دنبال یافتن پاسخ برای این پرسش است که آن مراجع، چگونه باید آن داده علمی را احراز و به ارزیابی آن بپردازند؟ یافته­های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که در سازمان جهانی تجارت معیار ارزیابی، رکن حل و فصل دعاوی را به بررسی معقول، منطقی و مدلل بودن فرایند کشف نتایج حاصل از مطالعات و پژوهش­های علمی تکلیف کرده است؛ بدون آنکه لازم باشد این مرجع خود به کشف حقیقت علمی بپردازد. دیوان­های داوری سرمایه­گذاری نیز باید به تصمیم­های نهادهای ملی دولت میزبان که در راستای منافع جامعه اتخاذ می­شود، احترام گذارند. به نظر می­رسد مؤثرترین شاخصی که می­تواند این مهم را محقق کند، معیار ارزیابی مبتنی بر احترام است که مراجع قضاوتی را قادر می­سازد جهت احراز واقعیت بدون مداخله در مسائل مربوط به نظم عمومی، اختلاف را حل کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Standard of Review on Scientific Truths in the WTO Dispute Settlement System and Investment Arbitrations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Rezaee 1
  • Majid Sarbazian 2
1 Faculty member at Shiraz University
2 Faculty member at Shiraz University
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Documents & Reports
Appellate Body Report (20 October 1998), Australia—Measures Affecting Importation of Salmon, WT/DS18/AB/R, adopted 6 November 1998 [Appellate Body, Australia—Salmon]
Appellate Body Report (16 October 2008), Canada—Continued Suspension of Obligations in the EC—Hormones Dispute, WT/DS321/AB/R, adopted 14 November 2008 [Appellate Body Report, Canada—Continued Suspension].
Appellate Body Report (12 March 2001), European Communities—Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products, WT/DS135/AB/R, adopted 5 April 2001.
Appellate Body Report (16 January 1998), European Communities—Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones), WT/DS26/AB/R, WT/DS48/AB/R, adopted 13 February 1998 [Appellate Body Report, EC—Hormones].
Appellate Body Report (26 November 2003), Japan—Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples, WT/DS245/AB/ R, adopted 10 December 2003 [Appellate Body Report, Japan—Apples].
Appellate Body Report (4 October 1996), Japan—Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages, WT/DS8/AB/R, WT/DS10/AB/R, WT/DS11/AB/R, adopted 1 November 1996.
Appellate Body Report (21 December 2011), Philippines – Taxes on Distilled Spirits, WT/DS396/ AB/R, WT/DS403/AB/R, adopted 20 January 2012.
Appellate Body Report (24 July 2001), United States—Anti-Dumping Measures on Certain Hot-Rolled Steel Products from Japan, WT/DS184/AB/R, adopted 23 August 2001.
Appellate Body Report (16 October 2008), United States – Continued Suspension of Obligations in the EC – Hormones Dispute, WT/DS320/AB/R, adopted 14 November 2008 [Appellate Body Report, US— Continued Suspension].
Appellate Body Report (27 June 2005), United States—Countervailing Duty Investigation on Dynamic Random Access Memory Semiconductors (DRAMS) from Korea, WT/DS296/AB/R, adopted 20 July 2005.
Appellate Body Report (22 December 2000), United States—Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Wheat Gluten from the European Communities, WT/DS166/AB/R, adopted 19 January 2001 [Appellate Body Report, US—Wheat Gluten].
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Awards
Award (27 June 1990), Asian Agricultural Products Ltd v Republic of Sri Lanka, ICSID Case No ARB/87/3.
Award (20 October 2010), Alpha Projektholding GMBH v Ukraine, ICSID Case No ARB/07/16.
Award (2 August 2010), Chemtura Corporation v Canada.
Award (8 June 2009), Glamis v US.
Award (20 June 2009), Saipem SpA v Bangladesh, ICSID Case No ARB/05/7.
Award II (30 April 2004), Waste Management v. Mexico.
Decision on Jurisdiction and Liability (14 January 2010), Lemire v. Ukraine.
Final Award (15 November 2004), GAMI Investments v Mexico.
Final Award on Jurisdiction and Merits (3 August 2005), Methanex Corporation v United States.
Final Award (22 July 2009), The Government of Sudan v The Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army.
ICJ Judgment (12 November 1991), Case Concerning the Arbitral Award of 31 July 1989 (Guinea-Bissau v Senegal).
Partial Award (13 November 2000), S.D. Myers, Inc v The Government of Canada.
Suez, Sociedad General de Aguas de Barcelona S.A. and Vivendi universal S.A. v Argentine Republic ICSID Case No. ARB/03/19 - Order in Response to a Petition for Transparency and Participation as Amicus Curiae of May 19, 2005.