اجزاء حق آزادی بیان در نظام بین‌المللی حقوق بشر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار دانشگاه پیام نور استان یزد، یزد، ایران

چکیده

حق آزادی بیان که می‌توان گفت زمینه‌ساز سایر حقوق بشر است در اولین اسناد حقوق بشری داخلی و بین‌المللی منعکس شده است. با وجود این، تعریف این حق و اهمیت اجزاء و مؤلفه‌های آن در گذر زمان تغییر کرده است. البته می‌توان مدعی شد اکثر اسناد جهانی و منطقه‌ای حقوق بشر تعاریف بسیار مشابهی از حق آزادی بیان ارائه داده‌اند. به‌موجب این تعاریف، حق آزادی بیان، حق «هر انسان» است به اینکه «اطلاعات» و «نظرهای» خود را با «هر ابزاری» و حتی «در ورای مرزهای ملی» ابراز کند.
البته بعضی از اسناد همچون «اعلامیه قاهره درباره حقوق بشر در اسلام» به تمام اجزاء حق آزادی بیان تصریح نکرده و تعریف شفافی از آن ارائه نداده‌اند. اما این اسناد نمی‌توانند ناقض تعریف جامع فوق‌الذکر باشند، زیرا این اسناد الزام‌آور نیستند و کشورهای امضاکننده آن‌ها نیز به اسناد بین‌المللی متضمن حق آزادی بیان و به‌ویژه میثاق بین‌المللی حقوق مدنی و سیاسی پیوسته‌اند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Components of the Right to Freedom of Expression in International Human Rights System

نویسنده [English]

  • Abdolmajid Soudmandi
Assistant Professor In Public Law, Payam Noor University, Yaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
It can be said that the right to freedom of expression, which is prerequisite to enjoy other human rights, is reflected in the first national and international human rights documents. However, the definition of this right and the emphasis on its different components has changed over the time. But it can be claimed that most of the universal and regional documents on human rights have offered very similar definitions of this right. Acording to these definitions, the right to freedom of expression is the right of "every person" to express their "information" and "ideas" with "any Medium" and even "over the domestic borders".
However, some documents such as "the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam" have not stipulated all of the components of the right to freedom of expression and have not presented a transparent definition. But these documents cannot violate the above definition, because these documents are not binding and signatory States of them have ratified the international instruments on freedom of expression, especially International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Freedom of Expression
  • Receive and Impart of
  • Information
  • Ideas
  • Medium.  
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