نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 پژوهشگر دکتری حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
3 استادیار، گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
With the rapid advancement of technology and the expansion of cyber capabilities,data has emerged as a critical and indispensable asset—one upon which the functioning of essential societal infrastructures heavily depends.Consequently,the question of how data ought to be identified and protected has become one of the most contentious issues in contemporary legal discourse.Nevertheless,the absence of explicit treaty provisions and customary international law applicable to the cyber domain is evident.Most existing frameworks,which derive from the principles of distinction,proportionality,and precaution—principles designed to afford general protection to civilians and civilian objects in armed conflict—are limited in application to operations that fall within the definition of an “attack” under the concept articulated in international humanitarian law.Moreover,Article 52 of Additional Protocol I to the four Geneva Conventions expressly prohibits attacks against civilian objects.This gives rise to a fundamental question:under what conditions can data,notwithstanding its intangible nature,be recognized as an “object” entitled to protection under international humanitarian law?The authors contend that, given the vital role of data in ensuring the functionality of critical infrastructure and its implications for public security,data may,under specific circumstances,qualify as a civilian object and thereby enjoy the protections afforded by international humanitarian law.Accordingly,this article, employing a descriptive–analytical method and drawing upon library-based sources,seeks to examine the possibility of recognizing data as a civilian object under the rules and norms of international humanitarian law,through the analysis of legal instruments,state practice,and doctrinal perspectives.The findings suggest that the failure to recognize data as an object would result in a significant protection gap.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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