نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
From its inception, Christianity has grappled with the complex relationship between religious and secular authority. Scriptural references suggest a degree of independence between these realms, yet the Catholic Church's approach to this issue has varied according to the social and political climate of the times. Pope Gelasius I recognized the autonomy of both church and state, whereas Pope Boniface VIII, in his decree "Unam Sanctam," sought to subordinate the state to the church's authority. Political philosophers of the era were divided in their loyalties, influenced by their philosophical beliefs, the circumstances of their time, and their interpretations of sacred texts.
One tradition, reflected in the writings of Augustine, respected the autonomy of church and state. In contrast, Thomas Aquinas provided a theoretical basis for the pope's claim to supremacy. Theologians such as Marsilius of Padua and William of Ockham considered these assertions heretical. The notion of subjective right arose from these debates.
The conflict expanded beyond political theory to encompass logic and metaphysics, with both sides aiming to strengthen their arguments with underlying metaphysical principles. The Franciscans were particularly prominent in their efforts to limit papal power. Nonetheless, it would be inaccurate to assign a specific metaphysical stance to each side, as advocates of subjective right could be found among both Aristotelians and Augustinians.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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