نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی،دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایزان
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
" Other insurance" clause frequently has been one of the controversy issues in insurance policies which relates to double insurance matters, but this clause clarifies to what amount insures should compensate losses and damages and refer to others. The property or liability under more than one coverage for the same risk which ate valid at the same time and same beneficiary shall not lead to which the assured benefit more than he has suffered. So, to share the amount of compensation between insurers is the matter here which determined by "other insurance" clause which each insurer to what amount should compensate and substantially is he liable for compensation or not?
Interactions between other insurance clauses according to types of this clause such as pro-rata, excess and escape sometimes make conflicts with no compatibility. In this case it worth analyzing the exact words of clauses and the intention of parties. Furthermore, interaction between other insurance clause and indemnity make some confusion to determine priority. In some cases, courts held indemnity precedes to other insurance regardless to its wording and in some others, courts held the loss and damage should be compensated due to other insurance clauses.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
الف. فارسی
ابراهیم‌پور اسنجان، عادل و همکاران (1395)، «تحلیلی بر شرط پذیرش مسئولیت و جبران خسارت (مورد کاوی قراردادهای نفت و گاز)»، پژوهش‌های حقوق تطبیقی، دوره 20، شماره 3، صص 26-1.
ابراهیمی، سید نصرالله و دیگران (1396)، «نقش باشگاههای حمایت و غرامت در جبران خسارات ناشی از آلودگی‌های نفتی»، مطالعات حقوق انرژی، دوره ۳، شماره ۲، صص ۱۹۲-۱۶۹.
بابایی، ایرج (1384)، حقوق بیمه، چاپ اول، تهران: انتشارات سمت.
بادینی حسن (1387)، «قواعد حاکم بر اعمال هم‌زمان نظام‌های جبران خسارت (مسئولیت مدنی، بیمه و تأمین اجتماعی)»، فصلنامه حقوق، دوره 38، شماره 2، صص 68-39.
باقری، محمود و ابراهیم‌پور اسنجان، عادل (1396)، «تحلیلی بر روابط شرط پذیرش مسئولیت/جبران خسارت و انتقال آن به بیمه‌گر»، مطالعات حقوق خصوصی، دوره 47، شماره 4، صص 589 - 608.
صادقی مقدم، محمدحسن و شکوهی‌زاده، رضا (1392)، حقوق بیمه، جلد اول (کلیات عقد بیمه)، تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
صفری، محسن و صفریان، مهدی (1395)، «بررسی مفهوم، ماهیت و شرایط انعقاد بیمه مضاعف»، پژوهشنامه بیمه، سال سی و یکم، شماره 4، صص 138-117.
ب. انگلیسی
Giaschi, Christopher J. (2000) Insurance Frequently asked Questions, Presented at the A.M.U.B.C. Education Seminar at Vancouver.
Kyriaki, Noussia (2007) The Principle of Indemnity in Marine Insurance Contracts: A Comparative Approach, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Nisha, Mohamed (2013) Double Insurance and Contribution, Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Southampton.
Kalis, Peter J., et al (2020) Policyholder's Guide to the Law of Insurance Coverage, , New York: Wolters Kluwer.
Rutherford, Richard (1981) “Maritime Insurance for Offshore Risks: Current Policy Forms, Industry Problems, and Recent Decision”, Louisiana Law Review, Vol. 41, No 3, Symposium: Maritime Personal Injury.
Friedman, Robert F. (2017) “No, Please, after you: Priorities of Liability Coverage and The Interplay between “other insurance” Clauses and Indemnification Agreements”, Journal of Civil Litigation, Vol. Xxix, No.2. pp. 231-243.
Fineman, Robert M. (2015). Insurance and Contractual Indemnification: Reconciling Competing Indemnity Obligations with Insurance Coverage,Strafford Publications Webinar.
Sharp. David(2009), Upstream and Offshore Energy Insurance, Witherby Seamanship International Ltd, Livingston, United Kingdom.
Cases
Aviles v. Burgos, 783 F.2d 270 (1st Cir. 1986).
Chubb Insurance Co of Canada v. Mid-Continent Cas. Co. 982 F.Supp.435 (S.D. Miss. 1997).
Cincinnati Ins. Co. v. Boller Constr. Co. 2006 WL 695459 (N.D. Ill. 2006),
Contrans, Inc. v. Ryder Truck Rental, Inc. US District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania - 648 F. Supp. 1461 (W.D. Pa. 1986) December 3, 1986.
Corporation v. Lombard Canadian Ltd and Canadian Universities Reciprocal Insurance Exchange.
Federal Ins. Co. v. Gulf Ins. Co. 162 S.W.3d 160 (Mo. Ct. App. 2005).
Federal Ins. Co. v. Gulf Ins. Co. 162 S.W.3d 160 (Mo. Ct. App. 2005).
JPI v. Westcoast Construction L.P. v. RJS & Assoc. Inc. 156 Cal.App.4th 1448 (2007).
Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Tokio Marine & Fire Ins. Co. Ltd. 2004 WL 2125411 (N.D. Ill. 2004)
Nationwide mutual fire insurance company, et al. V. Erie insurance exchange, et al, No.16080, April 13, 2017. (Supreme Court of Virginia).
Offshore Logistics Services v. Mut. Marine Office, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana - 462 F. Supp. 485 (E.D. La. 1978) July 19, 1978.
Seagate Hotel Ltd. V Simcoe & Erie General Insurance Co. et al. (1980) 22 B.C.L.R. 374.
St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Am. Int’l Specialty Lines Ins. Co. 365 F.3d 263 (4th Cir. 2004).
Truck Ins. Exchange v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. 428 N.E.2d 1183 (Ill. App. Ct. 1981).
U.S. Liability Insurance Co. v. Mountain Valley Indem. Co. 371 F.Supp.2d 554 (S.D.N.Y. 2005).
USF&G Co. v. CNA Ins. Cos. 618 N.Y.S.2d 465 (N.Y. App. Div. 1994).
Viger v Geographical Services Inc. [1972] AMC 2113, affirmed on appeal to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeal (476 F 2d 1288).
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. RLI Ins. Co. 292 F.3d 583 (8th Cir. 2002),
Family Insurance Corp. v. Lombard Canada Ltd. [2002] 2 S.C.R. 695, 2002 SCC 48.
)