تاثیر نظریۀ عدالت جهانی بر مفهوم قانون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران ایران

چکیده

گفتمان عدالت جهانی چالشهای نظری مهمی را در باب دولت، قانون و مفاهیم مربوط پیش روی قرار داده است. تأثیر این نظریه بر مفاهیمی که غالباً در سطح ملی بحث میشدهاند بخشی مهم از این چالشهای نظری است. قانون، که تاکنون بنا به الگوی غالب به مثابۀ مفهومی دولتساخت درک شده است، اکنون به سبب ارتباط با نظریۀ عدالت جهانی نیازمند الگوی مفهومی جدید است. پرسش اصلی این پژوهش آن است که آیا نظریة عدالت جهانی می‌تواند درک ما از قانون را در سطوح ملی و جهانی دگرگون کند؟ برای پاسخ به این پرسش، پس از شرحی کوتاه از مسئلة عدالت جهانی و ارائۀ تصویری اجمالی از قانون، تأثیر رویکردهای یکپارچه و غیریکپارچه عدالت جهانی را بر این تصویر اجمالی بررسی خواهیم کرد. نظریه‌های غیریکپارچه برای نیل به مطلوب کافی به نظر نمی‌رسند، حال آنکه نظریه‌های یکپارچه در ساختار کنونی قدرت در جهان غیر قابل تحقق می‌نمایند. بنابراین، با توجه به هویتها و روابط متکثر انسانی در سطح جهانی، زمینههای ربطی و غیرربطی عدالت و نابسندگی اتکا به اخلاق بینالملل، تنها می‌توان به دیدگاهی میانه و حداقلی در باب عدالت جهانی دست یافت. در پرتو چنین دیدگاهی، قانون باید در کشاکش دو قطب قطعیت و پاسخگویی تعریف شود. صلاحیت محدود اما ناگزیر دولت در عصر کنونی و نیز طیف متعادل رویکرد یکپارچه به عدالت، به ترتیب، تجلی دو قطب یادشده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Implication of Global Justice Theories for the Concept of Law

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Rasekh 1
  • Shirin Boroomand 2
1 Professor of public law, public law department, law faculty, university of Shahid Beheshti Tehran, Iran
2 Department of public law, Law Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The discourse of global justice at transnational levels has given rise to important challenges . The impact of this theory on nationally discussed concepts forms an important part of such theoretical challenges. Law, which has been so far understood as a state-made concept, is now in need of a new theoretical pattern due to its relationship with theory of global justice. Accordingly, the main question of this research is whether global justice theory can change our conception of law at both national and global levels. To answer this question, upon a brief explanation of the issue of global justice and providing a short picture of law, we will examine the impact of integrated and non-integrated approaches to global justice on this brief picture. While non-integrated perspectives do not seem to be sufficient, integrated perspectives seem unrealizable in the current power structure of the world. Accordingly, given diverse human identities and relationships, relational and non-relational grounds of justice, and insufficiency of international morality, we may only come up with a moderate outlook on global justice; under which, law is bound to be defined somewhere between two poles of certainty and responsiveness. The limited but inevitable competence of states in the contemporary world and the balanced spectrum of integrated approach to justice are, respectively, embodiments of the two mentioned poles.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Global Justice
  • Integrated Theories
  • Non-Integrated Theories
  • Theory of Law

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