بررسی قاعده ی رد ادله در دادگاه های کیفری بین المللی یوگسلاوی سابق و روآندا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

2 دانشیار گروه حقوق جزا و جرم شناسی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

3 استادیار گروه حقوق بین الملل، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

چکیده

اهمیت حفظ عدالت دادرسی، نظام­های مختلف عدالت کیفری را واداشته است تا مقررات ویژه­ای برای تضمین حقوق متهم تعبیه کنند. قاعده­ی ردّ ادله یکی از شدیدترین ضمانت اجراهای این مقررات است که باعث عدم امکان استناد به ادله­ حاصل از طرق غیرمجاز می­شود. دادگاه­های کیفری بین­المللی یوگسلاوی و روآندا وظیفه­ تعقیب مرتکبین شنیع­ترین جرائم را به عهده دارند و سؤال این است که با وجود این مطلب قاعده­ ردّ ادله چه جایگاهی می­تواند در مقررات دادرسی دادگاه­های مذکور داشته باشد. در واقع، هدف اصلی این مقاله تبیین مفهوم و قلمرو قاعده­ ردّ ادله در مقررات دادرسی دادگاه­های مذکور و راهکار آن‌ها در ایجاد توازن بین حقوق متهم و بزه دیده در مواجه با ادله­ فاسد است. مطالعه­ مقررات دادرسی و رویه قضایی دادگاه‌های مذکور بیانگر این است که قاعده ردّ ادله­ تحصیل شده از طرق غیرمجاز همواره به بی­اعتباری نمی­انجامد، بلکه چنین نتیجه­ای مستلزم تحقق یکی از شروط اطمینان ناپذیری یا به مخاطره افتادن درستی دادرسی است. شروط مذکور که احراز آن‌ها نیز به عهده­ قضات است، به قاعده­ ردّ ادله­ خاصیت اختیاری اعطا و قلمرو آن را تا حدود زیادی محدود کرده است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Examining theExclusionary Rule of Evidence in International Criminal Tribunals for Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda

نویسندگان [English]

  • simindokht daryabeygy 1
  • Mojtaba Janipour 2
  • Mahin sobhani 3
1 MA. in Criminal Law and criminology, Humanity Faculty, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Asociate Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of international Law, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

The importance of maintaining the fairness of proceedings and protecting the rights of the accused have led various criminal justice systems to provide for special rules to the effect of ensuring fair trial . The exclusionary rule of evidence is one of the most important  safeguards-provisions of these regulations, which makes it impossible to cite evidence obtained in an unauthorized manner in the court. Despite the fact that the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia and Rwanda, bear the task of prosecution of the perpetrators of the most serious international crimes, they have not  overlooked the rights of the accused. According to Art 95 of rules of procedure and evidence of ICTR and ICTY, the exclusion of evidence obtained through unauthorized methods does not necessarily lead to exclusion of evidence, except when the methods used to obtain evidence cast substantial doubt on reliability of evidence or damage the integrity of the proceedings. The conditions set forth in this article, which their authenication have been granted to the discretion of judges, gives the rule an optional nature and restricts its scope to some extent. This solution is the result of international criminal tribunals' efforts in striking a balance between the rights of the accused and victim which with all its ambiguity in drawing the scope of the rule has been adopted by the ICC.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Exclusionary Rule of Evidence
  • Criminal proceedings
  • Confession
  • Torture
  • Search

مراجع

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