راهکارهای حمایتی حقوق بین‌الملل عرفی از اموال فرهنگی در زمان مخاصمات مسلحانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل، گروه حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نجف‌آباد

2 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان

چکیده

حقوق بین‌الملل موضوعه نظر به وضعیت پر مخاطره­ی اموال فرهنگی در مخاصمات مسلحانه، دست به تدوین و اتخاذ قواعد و مقرراتی در باب حمایت از اموال فرهنگی در مخاصمات مسلحانه زده است، اما ثابت شده است که مقررات موضوعه حقوق بین‌الملل در این خصوص کارا نبوده‌اند. پس سؤال این است که به دلیل عدم کفایت مقررات قراردادی، آیا قواعد عرفی در حقوق بین‌الملل عرفی می‌تواند این نقیصه را جبران کند؟ مقاله­ی حاضر که بر پایه­ی یک تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی انجام شده است، با بررسی‌های به عمل آورده در رویه­ی قضایی بین‌المللی، عملکرد دولت‌ها و معاهدات بین‌المللی که همگی می‌توانند گواهی بر وجود عرف باشند، به این نتیجه می‌رسد که حقوق بین‌الملل عرفی از ظرفیت کافی در حمایت از این اموال برخوردار بوده و گذشته از اینکه تحت عناوین مختلف، ایراد خسارت یا سوء رفتار نسبت به اموال فرهنگی را جرم می‌داند، توانایی اعمال کیفر بر مرتکبان را نیز دارد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Customary International Law Solutions to Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflicts

نویسندگان [English]

  • majid zahmatkesh 1
  • Alireza Arashpour 2
1 Ph.D. Student in international Law, Department of Law, Islamic Azad University of Najafabad, Najafabad, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Department of Law, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Since the status of the property indanger during armed conflict and armed conflict can bring irreparable damage to their body, international law has began codification and adoption of rules and regulations on the protection of cultural property in armed conflicts. But the question is that because of the failure of treaties, whether international law has enough customary rules of international law on the issue?
With surveys had done in respect of international case law, states practice, and own treaties regulation – can recognize as a instance for international custom – we reach the result of the income of customary international law regarding the protection of cultural property the armed conflict has sufficient power And moreover despite recognition of acts against cultural property as a crime under different pretexts, it has also ability to impose punishment and punish the perpetrators of those crimes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultural Property
  • Armed Conflict
  • protection
  • International Customary Law
  • International Criminal Law
منابع
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