نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی و اسلامی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 دانش‌آموخته دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی (ره)، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The boundary between bodily harm and non‑pecuniary harm is one of the most fundamental yet contested concepts in tort law. Different legal systems draw this boundary in different ways. This article adopts a comparative approach to examine this distinction in three frameworks: Imami jurisprudence, Iranian law, and U.S. law. In Imami jurisprudence, the concept of harm is structured within a three‑dimensional framework consisting of property, honor and life/body. Within this framework, honor and reputation stand alongside bodily integrity and property as independent interests, none of which enjoys inherent priority over the others. In U.S. law, this distinction has been approached from two viewpoints: the first views the distinction between physical and non-pecuniary/emotional harm as a judicial proxy designed to address evidentiary challenges, given that emotional harm lacks the direct observability and measurability of bodily injury. The second viewpoint draws upon neuroscientific evidence and neural imaging techniques to argue that the evidentiary rationale underlying this division has been eroded, thereby eroding the normative legitimacy of this juridical fiction. In Iranian law, the picture appears more unsettled. While foundational statutes place non‑pecuniary harm alongside pecuniary harm as a compensable category, some more specific legislative provisions and aspects of judicial practice tend to marginalize it.The article concludes that the tripartite model of harm in Imami jurisprudence(because of its flexibility and its refusal to impose a rigid hierarchy among different forms of harm)offers a promising framework for rethinking contemporary categorical distinctions. Nevertheless, this model must also engage with and adapt to recent scientific findings.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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