نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ادیان و مذاهب، قم، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
The comprehensive reform of the French Civil Code in 2016 transformed the traditional framework of contractual freedom and introduced a new paradigm of economic justice into contract law. Within this reform, Article 1171, recognizing the doctrine of significant imbalance, and Article 1195, embodying the theory of imprévision (hardship), constitute the two fundamental pillars of modern contractual justice: the former addresses the contract’s ex-ante equilibrium at the moment of formation, while the latter governs its ex-post equilibrium during performance.adjust unfair contractual terms.undue hardship), and the doctrine of equivalence of consideration perform analogous functions. The La-Darar rule, by prohibiting any unjust or intolerable harm, grounds an indigenous notion of economic justice aimed at preserving the equilibrium of reciprocal prestations. Comparative analysis shows that in both legal systems, contractual justice is not confined to the parties’ formal consent but is realized through the preservation of real and economic balance within the contract. Nevertheless, the foundations legitimizing judicial intervention differ: in France, intervention derives from social justice considerations, whereas in Iran it rests on religious and jurisprudential principles. Consequently, the scope and legitimacy of judicial adjustment of contracts vary between the two systems. The findings demonstrate that both the French model of economic equilibrium and the Islamic La-Darar doctrine pursue the stability and economic efficiency of contracts against market fluctuations and changing circumstances. Integrating these two approaches can yield a new comparative paradigm—contractual economic justice—capable of serving as a general interpretive and regulatory principle in the formation and performance of contracts under Iranian law.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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