نوع مقاله : مقالات انگلیسی
نویسنده
استادیار، گروه حقوق عمومی و بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
Human enhancement is moving from speculation to a regulatory problem. Somatic genome editing, implanted brain–computer interfaces, and non-invasive neurostimulation may alleviate disease, yet similar techniques can augment healthy persons, generate heritable effects, intensify inequality, or expose genetic and neural data. This article asks what domestic state responsibility should mean across that continuum. Using functional comparative law, it examines binding rules, administrative guidance, and remedial doctrines in Iran, the European Union, and the United States as in force on 27 July 2026. The comparison rejects two simplifications: Europe does not regulate enhancement through one prohibitory code, and the United States does not leave gene editing to unrestricted choice. Iran possesses constitutional foundations in human dignity, personal security, health, equality, and redress, but its statutory framework remains dispersed and poorly fitted to enhancement. The article develops a lifecycle model joining legislative clarity, risk-tiered authorization, independent ethical review, enhanced consent, genetic and neural-data governance, long-term surveillance, equitable access, and effective compensation. It concludes that responsibility arises not merely after injury but when public authorities seriously fail to construct or operate institutions proportionate to foreseeable, potentially irreversible, and intergenerational risks.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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