چالش‌های حقوقی تصرفات سازمان جمع‌آوری و فروش اموال تملیکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه میبد، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه میبد، ایران.

3 عضو هیات علمی(دانشیار) دانشگاه یاسوج

4 استادیار، گروه حقوق، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه میبد، ایران

5 گروه حقوق، دانشکده الهیات دانشگاه میبد.

10.22099/jls.2023.47565.4959

چکیده

 




سازمان اموال تملیکی با چالش‌های حقوقی همچون خلأهای قانونی برای مطالبه خسارات وارده در اثر تقصیر، طولانی بودن مهلت‌های قانونی تعیین تکلیف اموال، تعدد تصرفات و موازی کاری نهادهای مشابه، فقدان ضمانت اجرای کارآمد برای ایفای به‌موقع تعهدات و عدم تعامل سازمان‌های دولتی مواجه بوده است. عدم حل این چالش‌ها، آثار مهمی در بخش‌های قانونی، اجرایی و قضایی تصرفات مادی و حقوقی سازمان اموال تملیکی از قبیل جمع‌آوری، نگه‌داری و فروش به دنبال داشته و باعث تضییع بیش‌ازپیش حقوق اموال تملیکی از طریق حمل‌ونقل یا نگهداری نامناسب، رسوب اموال و غیرقابل استفاده شدن کالاها در انبار شده است. همچنین ایفای به‌موقع تعهدات سازمان را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و منجر به اختلال در روند تعیین تکلیف اموال تملیکی، افزایش تخلف و ترک فعل در جهت تأمین حقوق اموال و دارایی‌های دولت، طرح دعاوی متعدد در محاکم، خسارات مالی، سردرگمی تجار و از بین‌ رفتن نظم و امنیت اقتصادی می‌شود. مسئله این است که راهکارهای حقوقی حل چالش‌های تصرفات سازمان اموال تملیکی چیست؟ در پژوهش حاضر به روش توصیفی و تحلیلی، راهکارهای حقوقی مانند اصلاح قوانین، تجمیع تکالیف و تعیین ضمانت اجرای کارآمد بررسی ‌شده و این نتیجه حاصل شد که با رفع چالش‌های مذکور از ایراد خسارات مالی به دولت جلوگیری می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Legal Challenges of the Organization for the Collection and Sale of Illegal Property

نویسندگان [English]

  • sajjad rasoulijazi 1
  • ahmad mirkhalili 2
  • Ardavan Arzhang 3
  • Hossein Abedini 4
  • hamid rostaei 5
1 Ph.D. student in private law, Faculty of Theology, Meibod University, Iran
2 , Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Theology, Maybod University, Iran
3 Associate Professor of yasouj University
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Theology, Maybod University, Iran
5 meybod uni
چکیده [English]

The organization tasked with collecting and selling illegal property has encountered several legal challenges, such as:

Legal loopholes that hinder the ability to claim damages for negligence
Extended legal deadlines for determining property ownership
The multiplicity of possessions and the parallel work of similar institutions
A lack of guarantee for efficient execution and timely fulfillment of obligations
Insufficient interaction between government organizations

 




 




These unresolved challenges have had significant consequences for the organization's material and legal possessions of illegal property, including:

Violations of property rights due to improper transportation, storage, or disposal
Delays in fulfilling obligations
Disruptions in the process of assigning illegal property
Increased violations and omissions in securing government property rights
Numerous lawsuits
Financial losses
Confusion among businesses
Loss of economic order and security

 
This article aims to address the following questions:

What are the legal challenges faced by the organization for the collection and sale of illegal property?
How can these challenges be addressed through legal solutions?

 
The research methodology employed in this study is practical, objective-based, and qualitative, using content analysis. Information was gathered through library research and field interviews with experts, using a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of the research reveal that the challenges and solutions can be categorized into three areas: legal, judicial, and executive.
 
Legal challenges include:

Insufficient rules for claiming property damages and determining performance guarantees
Lack of timely prevention of violations and omissions

 
Executive challenges include:

The organization's extensive scope of obligations and possessions
Parallel work of similar organizations
Increase in contraband and prohibited goods
Cultural and educational gaps

 
Judicial and regulatory challenges include:

Delays in court proceedings related to property assignment
Weak performance of inspection and supervisory institutions
Increased judicial cases
The complexity and specific characteristics of crimes related to seized property

 
The organization's establishment law, anti-smuggling law, and customs law have caused confusion for officials, owners, and businesses. The lack of clarity in judicial opinions and the assignment of possessions has also hindered the organization's efficiency. Multiple obligations and the failure to prevent illegal possessions have not only violated the government's property rights but have also significantly impacted the organization's timely performance of its legal duties. This has led to violations and omissions, damage to private property, and disruptions in economic order.
Proposed solutions include:

Comprehensive amendments to the organization's establishment law
Creation of specialized courts
Establishment of online communication systems between relevant organizations
Training classes and research support
Increased communication with scientific authorities

 
If the organization becomes a member of the anti-trafficking headquarters, the process of determining property ownership can be facilitated, and the volume of prohibited and smuggled goods can be reduced.
 
Innovations of this article compared to previous research include:

Providing legal, judicial, and executive solutions to address the organization's challenges
Categorizing executive restrictions to ensure timely fulfillment of legal obligations
Suggesting guarantees for more efficient execution to prevent and resolve violations
Identifying new areas for future research

 
The research findings demonstrate that while the establishment of the organization has centralized the collection, storage, and sale of seized property, unresolved challenges, such as the dependence on final judicial rulings for property assignment, have disrupted the process in some port cities. The most significant legal challenges faced by the organization in the third decade since its establishment include:

The growth of contraband, counterfeit, and prohibited goods
Managers' abuse of legal ambiguities
Increase in violations and economic crimes
Improper storage of property
Spoilage of goods

 
To prevent further challenges and ensure timely fulfillment of obligations, vague and numerous rules should be removed or modified, the organization's duties and powers should be consolidated in a single law, and clear criteria should be determined for various assumptions of its possessions. By addressing these challenges, financial losses to the government, owners, and merchants can be prevented.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Obligations of Government Organizations
  • Loss of Confiscated Goods
  • Acquired Property Rights
  • Sale of Illegal Property

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