1. Manuscript Preparation Guidelines

Given the importance of maintaining consistency in the format of manuscripts and ensuring compliance with the substantive criteria of scholarly articles, the following guidelines must be observed when preparing manuscripts. It should be noted that the journal’s peer-review and editing procedures are based on this framework, and adherence to these guidelines will help expedite the evaluation and publication process.

• Article Title: The title of a scholarly article should be concise, informative, and engaging. From an editorial standpoint, the title must not exceed 16 words, including both substantive words and function words. The title must also accurately reflect the content of the article, enabling readers to gain an initial understanding of its subject matter and identify its central idea upon reading the title.
• Abstract: The abstract or summary is one of the principal components of a scholarly article. Reading it helps readers identify the main issues addressed in the article. An abstract should include a brief statement of the problem, the objective of the article, its central research question, its hypothesis or principal claim, the research methodology, and a statement of the findings obtained through the research process.

Short Abstract: The short abstract must contain between 150 and 200 words in both Persian and English. The Persian abstract should appear after the article title and before the introductory section. The English abstract should be included on the opening page of the main manuscript file.

Extended Abstract: The extended abstract is intended to facilitate the indexing of the journal on the English-language section of its website and in international indexing databases. At the time of submission, authors must provide separate Persian and English extended abstracts, each containing between 600 and 700 words, in a file separate from the main manuscript.

Important Notes on Abstracts:

• The minimum and maximum word limits must be observed for both types of abstracts.
• The English abstracts, both short and extended, must correspond exactly to their Persian counterparts in content.
• The English translation of the abstracts must be accurate. The use of machine translation tools, such as Google Translate, should be avoided.
• Keywords: Five keywords must be provided. They should consist of terms that occur most frequently in the title and content of the article and facilitate the retrieval of the article through indexing databases and search engines. The keywords must also be arranged in alphabetical order. Keywords must be provided after both the Persian and English abstracts.
• Introduction: This section should present the research problem, explain the necessity and significance of the study, formulate the research question and principal claim, and conclude with an outline of the article’s structure. In articles intended to demonstrate the originality of the research, the review of previous studies may be incorporated into the introduction. Where a more extensive discussion of previous research is required, a separate section entitled “Literature Review” may be included immediately after the introduction.
• Main Text: This is the principal section of a scholarly article and contains the evidence, data, and analyses presented by the author. Its internal structure and subsections are determined at the author’s discretion, taking into account the article’s objectives and central claim.
• Conclusion: This section presents the research findings and conclusions.
• References: In this section, the author must list the sources and references cited or used in the text in accordance with the citation guidelines prescribed by the journal.