Economic Basis of Loss Distribution in Tort Law

Molodi, Mohammad; Haji Azizi, Bijan; Gholami, Negin

doi:10.22099/jls.2018.26426.2533

Economic Basis of Loss Distribution in Tort Law

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ law department,literature and human science faculty, Bu Ali Sina university, Hamadan, Iran

² Law department, literature and human science faculty, Bu Ali Sina university, Hamadan, Iran

³ law department, literature and human science faculty, Bu-Ali Sina university,Hamadan, Iran

10.22099/jls.2018.26426.2533

Abstract

In the Iranian laws, loss distribution is mainly the case when two or more causes impose damage and the interference of each one in the realization of damage is the basis for damage distribution between them. In common law, damage distribution in civil liability is considered in a broader sense and it is differentiated from the number of causes. In fact, under loss distribution, those cases are considered where the damages that should reasonably be paid by the imposer are distributed among members of the community via some mechanisms. Mechanisms that distribute damages are strict liability and insurance. Justifying participation of a group of people, who have no role in this damage and giving indemnity, is possible via economic meanslike promoting economic efficiency and realizing distributive justice in society and this is the subject of present study to investigate and analyze these basics.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Resource in Persian

1- Ebne Torab, Maryam(2007), Aghele Responsibility and its Position in Current Society, Jurisprudence and Family Law,Issue45-46,pp:12-33

2- Khosh Chehre ,Mohammad & Zivari, Atyeh(2007),Justice and Economic Equilibrium in the Views of Islamic thinkers and contemporary economists, Strategy and development Journal,Issue 10, pp:73-105

3- Ahmadvand, Mohsen & Naseri Moghadam, Hossein,(2015 ), Aghele Responsibility from another Glance, Jurisprudence and the principles Journal, Issue:101,pp:31-54

4- Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics,(1998) Translated By Mohammad Hassan Lotfi, Tarhe No Publication,

5- Badini, Hassan ,(2005) philosophy of Tort Law, Enteshar Co Publication

6- Jabari, Mostafa(2009), Aghele ‘s Time, Private Law Studies, Issue2, pp:113-128

7- Jalinousi, Ahmmad, Pour Najaf, Sara,(2006) The concept of justice in Islam and the West, Political Science,Issue5,pp:99-128

8- Jafari Langroudi, Mohammad Jafar,(2002) Legal terminology, Gang Danesh Library

9- Khoda Bakhshi, Abdollah(2012) Distribution of Loss in Tort Liability in Multiple Tortfeasor cases, Quarterly Journal of Law,Issue25, pp:109-126

10- Ravandi, Ghotbedin,(1405) Jurisprudence of al-Quran, Ayatollah Marashi Library

11- Seyed Fatemi, Seyed Mohammad,(2001) Analysis of key concepts of contemporary human rights: right, commitment, freedom, equality and justice, Journal of Legal Research, Issue:33-34,pp:209-265

12- Shahabi, Masoud & Azade Masoudi Pour,(2013) Economic analysis of salaries and the restoration of the idea of fault in the compensation system, with an emphasis on the judicial process in the United States, Economic Law Encyclopedia, Issue 4

13- Sheykh Tousi,(1959) Assembly of Al-Bayan in the commentary of al-Quran, vol 5, Arabic Dar- Al- Ehya- Al- Toras

14- Sheykh Mofid, Mohammad Ibn Noman,(1992) Al- Moghana, Ghom: society of Lecturer

15- Safaii, Seyed Hossein,(2010) General rules of contracts, Samt Publication

16- Abdolghader, Udeh,(1994) Islamic criminal legislation compared to the status law, Beirut

17- Katouzian, Amir Nasser,(1997) Law and Justice, Criticism & Sight Journal, Issue 10-11, pp:34-57

18- Gorji, Abu- Al- Ghasem, Aghele Responsibility,(1987) Quarterly Journal of Right,Issue 11-12,pp:78-94

19- Marx, Karl, Engels, Fredisch ,(2006) Manifest Party of Kommunist, Translated by: Mohammad Pourhormozan

20- Najafi, Mohammad Hassan,(1983) javaher- Al- kalam, Islamic Dar- Al- Ketab publication

Resource in English

21- Abraham, Kenneth S.(2004) Tewenty- First Century Insurance And Loss Distribution In Tort Law, (http:// law.bepress.com/uvalwps/uva-publiclaw/art1)

22- Calabresi, Guido (1961), Some Thoughts On Risk Distribution And The Law Of Torts, Faculty Scholarship series

23- Coelman, Jules.L(1980), Efficiency, Utility And Wealth Maximization, Hofstar Law Review. Vol. 8,

24- Coleman, Jules. L(1988), The Economic Structure of Tort Law, Faculty Scholarship Series, Paper4691

25- Coleman, Jules. L(1992), Risks and Wrongs, Cambridge University Press

26- Coleman, Jules.L (2005), The Costs of Accidents, M.D.L rev, No 64

27- Edmonds, Timothy,(2015), Briefing Parer of Uninsured drivers and the Motor Insurers Bureau,www.parliament.uk/commons-library/intranet.parliament.uk/commons library/papers

28- Emons,Winand(1992), An Introduction to the Legal and Economic Theories of Tort, Journal of Economic Literature Classification,

29- Fleming, John G (1984), Is There A Future For Tort, Louisiana Law Review, Vol:44, Number5

30- Fleming, John G(1966), More Thoughts On Loss Distribution, Osgoode Hall Law Journal, Vol 4, No 2

31- Geistfeld, Mark (2003), The Role(s) of Economic Analysis in Tort Law, http:// www.scolarship.org/ uc/ item/ 5nt1n0q2

32- Keting, Gregory C(2000), Distributive and Corrective Justice In The Tort Law of Accidents, Southern California Review, Vol 74

33- Lewis, Richard,(2005), The Relationship Between Tort Law and Insurance in England And Walse, part of the tort and insurance law series,(TIL,Volume16)

34- Loth, Marc (2015), Corrective and Distributive Justice in Tort Law, Maastricht of Journal of European and Comparative Law, Vol 22,No 6

35- Mooney, Sean F,(1987), The Liability Crisis- A Perspective, Villanova Law Review, Vol. 32, Iss.6, Art.3

36- Nozick, Robert (1999), Anarchy, State and Utopia, London: Blackwell Publishers Ltd,

37- Perdue, Wendy Collins,(2000), A Reexamination of the Distinction Between "Loss-Allocating" and "Conduct-Regulating Rule”, 60 La. L. Rev. 1251-1258

38- Posner, Richard A, William M. Landes,(1980), The Positive Economic Theory of Tort Law, Georgia Law Review, No 15

39- Priest, George(1987), The Current Insurance Crisis and Modern Tort Law, faculty scholarship series,pager578

40- Rawls, John (1999), A Theory Of Justice, Harvard University Press

41- Shavell, Steven (2000), Economic Analysis of Law, http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ oline center/

42- Tudor, Ionut (2015), Tort Law From The Perspective of Corrective and Distributive Justice, Journal of Public Administration Finance and Law, No 7

43- Voyiakis, Emmanue (2012) Rights, Social Justice and Responsibility in The Law of Tort, UNSW Law Journal, Vol 35, No 2

44- Wagner, Gerhard (2006), Tort Law and Liability Insurance, The Geneva Papers, 31