خوانشی بر مسئله تعارض ناشی از حقوق علامت تجاری و نام تجاری با تأکید بر رویه قضائی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر- عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانش آموخته دانشگاه تهران

10.22099/jls.2023.45308.4866

چکیده

علامت تجاری و نام تجاری دو نشان هویتی تجاری اشخاص حقیقی و حقوقی هستند که با رعایت مقررات قانونی از حمایت و حقوق مستقل برخوردار می‌شوند اما ممکن است به جهت تشابه و یکسانی یا حوزه فعالیت یکسان و مشابه، مرتبط با هم تلقی شده و برای اعمال حقوق دیگری مزاحمت ایجاد کنند. مسئله مهم آن است که تعارض این حقوق چگونه شکل می‌گیرد؟ تحلیل دادگاه‌ها نسبت به ماهیت علامت و نام تجاری و تصور مصرف‌کنندگان چگونه است؟ و سازوکار حل تعارض چه خواهد بود؟ مقاله با روش توصیفی تحلیلی سرانجام نتیجه می‌گیرد که مبانی این تعارض را می‌توان در رویه ادارات ثبت و تفسیر محاکم از موضوع جستجو کرد. در این میان، درک موضوع از زاویه نگاه مصرف‌کنندگان مؤلفه کلیدی برای تشخیص است نه تحلیل کارشناسی و قضائی صرف. افزون بر اینکه، شناسایی نام تجاری و درک تفاوت ماهوی مفهوم نام تجاری از نام شرکت و نظایر آن بسیار تعیین‌کننده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Navigating the Complex Terrain of Trademark and Trade Name Conflicts: A Comprehensive Analysis

نویسنده [English]

  • Zahra bahadori jahromi 2
2 ph.d university of Tehran
چکیده [English]

In the global landscape of commerce, trademarks and trade names stand as pivotal identifiers, distinguishing products, services, and their origins. This study immerses itself in the intricate web of conflicts stemming from trademark and trade name rights, shedding light on the nuanced judicial procedures that underpin these disputes. Trademarks, tangible or invisible symbols, serve as commercial identity markers employed by entities across borders. Simultaneously, trade names, representing individuals or legal entities, introduce them to the societal framework. The convergence of these identifiers, often within similar or identical fields of operation, gives rise to complex conflicts, prompting a profound exploration into their origins, interpretations, and resolutions.
Understanding the Foundation: Trademarks and Trade Names
Trademarks and trade names, although seemingly distinct, share an underlying purpose – establishing identity. Trademarks, visible or otherwise, serve to distinguish goods and services, acting as symbols of quality, reliability, and origin. In contrast, trade names introduce the individuals or entities behind the products, forging a personal connection with the 
consumer base. The crux of the issue lies in discerning the intent behind their usage: is the purpose to differentiate goods and services or to familiarize consumers with entrepreneurs and econom  ic entities?

The Intricacies of Conflict Formation
At the heart of the matter lies the genesis of conflict. When trademarks and trade names intersect due to overlapping activities, discerning the cause becomes pivotal. Why do these conflicts emerge, and how are they perpetuated? Judicial analyses and consumer perceptions play a central role in deciphering the nature of trademarks and brand names, offering insights into conflict resolution mechanisms.
 
Consumer Perspective: A Key to Conflict Resolution
In the realm of trademarks and trade names, consumer perception is paramount. How do consumers differentiate between trademarks and trade names? Judges and experts must adopt a consumer-centric viewpoint to unravel the complexities. Analyzing consumer behavior forms the bedrock of conflict resolution strategies. When consumers encounter identical or similar marks and trade names, what factors influence their decision-making processes? Age, gender, and expertise serve as lenses through which consumers perceive these identifiers, adding layers of complexity to the analysis.
 
Judicial Challenges and Interpretations
Judicial interpretations shape the trajectory of conflicts. Examining past cases, this study delves into the nuances of judicial decisions, shedding light on the factors influencing outcomes. Addressing challenges faced by business owners, who invest years of effort and capital into their trade names, becomes imperative. This research scrutinizes at least twenty judicial decisions and incorporates expert opinions from three ongoing cases, offering a comprehensive understanding of the legal landscape.
 
Resolving Conflict: A Multifaceted Approach
Resolving conflicts arising from trademarks and trade names demands a multifaceted strategy. Registration office procedures and court interpretations form the foundation of conflict origins. However, the crux lies in comprehending the issue from a consumer's perspective, transcending expert and judicial analyses. Distinguishing trade names from trademarks emerges as a pivotal task, demanding a nuanced understanding of the essential differences. While canceling trademarks or mandating non-use of trade names are potential solutions, simultaneous usage can be considered, especially in cases where distinct geographical regions ensure consumer differentiation.
 
Conclusion and Future Implications
In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis illuminates the intricate dynamics of trademark and trade name conflicts. By delving into consumer perceptions, judicial interpretations, and the underlying intent behind these identifiers, this study paves the way for nuanced conflict resolution strategies. Acknowledging the multifaceted nature of these conflicts and embracing a consumer-centric approach remain fundamental in navigating the complex terrain of trademarks and trade names.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • company name
  • relative examination
  • absolute examination
  • trademark
  • consumer confusion
  • brand name

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