Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities Science, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
10.22099/jls.2024.44895.4821
Abstract
The present study aims to extract the theory of justice from Saadi's works. The research method is content analysis. Findings show that in some parts of his works, especially the chapter on the character of kings from Golestan and the chapter on justice and prudence and counsel from the Bustan, Saadi refers in detail to the concepts related to public law, including justice. Although he focuses on justice dimensions, this process is not, at least in the modern sense, methodical and coherent. The results indicate that Saadi's theory of justice is based on the equality of human beings and the duty of the government to distribute resources equally through the observance of ethical principles, including the priority of public interest, prohibition of personal use of treasury, prohibition of transgression people's lives and property, principles of judicial justice (hearing complaints, hearing statements from all litigants and presumption of innocence) and taking into account worse off people. These principles moderate the unnatural inequality between human beings, are resulted from the disruption of the order and justice of nature. The golden rule of Saadi's theory of justice is that everyone deserves to be treated the way he/she treats others.
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