Basics and Conditions of Duty to Rescue of other party and its Application in Contractual Relations

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Hazrate Masumeh University, Qom, Iran.

10.22099/jls.2022.41037.4437

Abstract

Duty to rescue is imposing the affirmative duty to take an action and save others from a harmful situation, even if there is no role in creating the situation. In contractual relations, if the continuation of such a situation leads to breach of the contract, the abstainer will also be liable for. This article tries to examine the conditions of the obligation and to find out what are the grounds for fulfilling the obligation to save and its effects on law, especially in contractual relations. In addition to explaining the justifications for the commitment to save, the compliance of the rule with the jurisprudential and legal rules of Iran will also be feasible. Based on the analysis presented in this article and the examples cited in Iranian legal texts, it can be accepted that the obligation to save in some contractual assumptions is applicable in Iranian law based on the customary reliance on the concept of fault and causation

Keywords

References

  1. Anne, Beverly (1984) “The Duty to Rescue in California: A Legislative Solution”, Pacific Law Journal, Vol. 15, 1261-1290.
  2. Barr, James (1908) “Law and Morals”, Harvard Law Review, Vol. 22, 97-115.
  3. Bauhn, Per (2011) “The Extension And Limits Of The Duty Rescue”, Public Reason Journal, Vol. 3,39-49.
  4. Carter, McCall (2010) “Morality, Law and the Duty to Act: Creating A Common Law Duty To Act Modeled After The Responsibility To Protect Doctrine”, Washington University Jurisprudence Review, Vol. 2, 138- 164.
  5. Dingwall, Gavin, Gillespie, Alisair (2008) “Reconsidering The Good Samaritan: A Duty To Rescue?”, CAMBRIAN Law Review, Vol. 39, 26- 39.
  6. Eisenberg, Melvin, (2002) “The Duty to Rescue in Contract Law”, Fordham Law Review, Vol. 71, Issue, 3, pp. 647-694.
  7. Eisenberg, Melvin, (2018) Foundational Principles of Contract Law, New York: Oxford University Press.
  8. Franklin, Mark, Ploeger, Matthew (2000) “Of Rescue And Report: Should Tort Law Impose A Duty To Help Endangered Persons Of Abused Children?”, Santa Clara Law Review, Vol. 40, 991-1026.
  9. Grush, Eric (1998) “The Inefficiency of the No-Duty to Rescue Rule And A Proposed Similar Risk Alternative”, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 148, No. 3, pp. 881-900.
  10. Hayden, Angela (2000) “Imposing Criminal And Civil Penalties For Failing To Help Another: Are Good Samaritan Laws Good Ideas”, New England International and Comparative Law Annual, Vol. 6, 27-46.
  11. Hayman, David (2005) “Rescue without Law: An Empirical Perspective on the Duty to Rescue”, University of Illinois College of Law, Law and Economics Working papers, 32.
  12. Hayman, Steven (1994) “Foundations of the Duty of Rescue”, Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 47, 673-755.
  13. Justin, Robert (1983) “Beyond Good Samaritans and Moral Monsters: An Individualistic Justification of the General Legal Duty to Rescue”, UCLA Law Review, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 252-293.
  14. Kelly, David (2010) “A Psychological Approach to Understanding the Legal Basis of the No Duty to Rescue Rule”, Y.D Journal of Public Law, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 271-293.
  15. Kemp, Kemp (1985) “The Duty to Rescue- Compulsion or Laissez Fair”, Comparative and International Law Journal, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 163- 186.
  16. Kuklin, Bailey (2016) “Peril Invites Rescue: An Evolutionary Perspective”, Hofstra Law Review, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 171-215.
  17. Lifshitz, Shahar (2008) “Distress Exploitation Contract: In the Shadow of No Duty To Rescue”, North Carolina Law Review, Vol. 86, No. 2, pp. 315- 378.
  18. Miller, David (2020) “The Nature and Limits of the Duty to Rescue”, Journal of Moral Philosophy, 17, No. 7, pp. 320-341.
  19. Porat, Ariel (2009) “A Comparative Fault Defense in Contract Law”, Michigan Law Review, Vol. 107, No. 3, pp. 1397-1412.
  20. Prentice, Robert (1985) “Exposing the Duty to Rescue”, Suffolk University Law Review, Vol. XIX, No. 2, pp. 15-54.
  21. Ray, Shalini (2020) “The Law of Rescue”, California Law Review, Vol. 108, 619-677.
  22. Reckseen, Don (1972) “The Duty to Rescue”, Indiana Law Journal, Vol. 47, 321-330.
  23. Ripstein, Arthur (2000) “Three Duties to Rescue: Moral, Civil and Criminal”, Law and Philosophy Journal, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 751-779.
  24. Romohr, Philip (2006) “A Right/Duty Perspective on the Legal and Philosophical Foundations of the No Duty to Rescue Rule”, Duke Law Journal, Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 1025-1057.
  25. Scordato, Marin (2008) “Understanding the Absence of A Duty to Responsibility Rescue in American Tort Law”, Tulane Law Review, Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 1447-1503.
  26. Silver, Jay (1985) “The Duty to Rescue: A Reexamination and Proposal”, William and Mary Law Review, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 422-448.
  27. Uelmen, Amelia (2017) “Where Morality And Law Coincide: How Long Obligations Of Bystanders May Be Informed By The Social Teachings Of Pop Francis”, Seattle University Law Review, Vol. 40, 1359-1415.
  28. Weinrib, Ernest (1980) “The Case for A Duty to Rescue”, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 90, No. 2, pp. 247-293.
  29. White, Christopher (2002) “No Good Deed Goes Unpunished: The Case for Reform of the Rescue Doctrine”, Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 97, No.1, pp. 507-546.
  30. Woozley, Daniel (1983) “Duty to Rescue; Some Thoughts on Criminal Liability”, Virginia Law Review, 69, No.7, pp. 1273-1300.

 

 

Journal of Legal Studies
Volume 14, Issue 3 - Serial Number 45
October 2022
Pages 295-324

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics