text article 2012 per The President has the responsibility for executing the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The concept of the responsibility of executing of the Constitution is facing some ambiguities in the legal system of Iran. It seems that the President is responsible for executing the Constitution as a whole except those affairs that the leader performs them himself. The responsibility of executing of the Constitution contains the duty for executing the Constitution itself and accountability towards it.In order to do this responsibility, the President has the legal powers. Shiraz University 2008-7926 4 v. 1 no. 2012 1 30 https://jls.shirazu.ac.ir/article_220_5b9f336ec7e8d0f323e293bdfe98dc9f.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/jls.2012.220 text article 2012 per An historical and legal review of the life of early nations demonstrate that they were not dependent on any particular territory and, therefore, territory played no major role in the past. Since permanent settlement on a determined territory became significant and international law recognized sovereignty over a specific frontier and territory constituted a material and essential element in constituting statehood, territory gained vital economic, political and military role for every country of the world. Accordingly, territory became an element of various disputes as well as wars between members of the international community taking many lives. Although there has not been any war because of the dispute between Iran and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) over the three islands of the Greater and the Lesser Tunbs and Abu Musa, it is one of the disputes which is considered as one of the main causes of the 8 years imposed Iraqi war again Iran. Though the discussion of various legal evidence, including prescription, effective and constant control, non-use of force and immemorial possession of the islands by Iran, this article’s aim is to prove the lawfulness of the Iran’s sovereignty over the islands. Also some have been made in this article proposals for the resolution of the dispute, among which is the submission of the case to the International Court of Justice (ICJ). However, according to Article 36 of the ICJ’s Statute both parties must give their consent to the jurisdiction of the ICJ in order for a dispute to be resolved by the Court. Currently, the ICJ does not have such jurisdiction. There are several strong evidence supporting Iran's ownership and sovereignty over the Islands both historically and legally. However, considering the circumstances of the case, it seems that resort to peaceful means of settlement including direct negotiations of the disputing parties on the basis of international law, including the law of treaties by which the 1971 Memorandum of Understanding was concluded, can be the best solution to resolve this long standing dispute. Shiraz University 2008-7926 4 v. 1 no. 2012 31 71 https://jls.shirazu.ac.ir/article_221_e668ba82b6321d72734d0ea28c3a9096.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/jls.2012.221 text article 2012 per        This article examines the effects of globalization on labour relations and social security. Globalization of economy and the desire of States to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) have had extensive effects on economic and social rights of citizens. The principles governing the world economy and the conditions for joining the WTO are in such a way that the policies of States have direct effects on the reduction of social protections in the areas of labour relations and social security. Conditions such as privatization, free competitions, deregulation, elimination of tariffs, and legal flexibility in protective laws are the necessary prerequisite for globalization. The role and dominance of multi-national companies on economy in the era of globalization has reduced the role of States in the areas of labour relations and social security and as a result States do not follow their protective policies in these areas. Globalization has had negative effects on job security for workers and their wages, migrant workers, labour standards, the salary for elderly people and the relatives. If this trend continues, it can cause more poverty and social inequality. Shiraz University 2008-7926 4 v. 1 no. 2012 73 102 https://jls.shirazu.ac.ir/article_222_a8f0340e29c12590f74264aa3b8b8de9.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/jls.2012.222 text article 2012 per The creation of legal rule is a complicated process that different elements plays a role in it. These elements not by themselves but in contact or in relation to each other can have a meaningful role. “Value” and “fact’ can be considered two influential elements in the formation of a legal rule in every legal system. They can have hierarchical relation with each other and each can have more role than the other. The Metaphysical law is a kind of law in which value has a  more fundamental role in the creation of legal rule. However, sort and nature of value,  to be religious and secular, have many effects in the relationship of metaphysical law with positivist elements, like state. Shiraz University 2008-7926 4 v. 1 no. 2012 103 134 https://jls.shirazu.ac.ir/article_223_3016c50110ef590cb93d40a6ad567068.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/jls.2012.223 text article 2012 per After the end of the Cold War and the subsequent breakdown of the Soviet Union, weapons of mass destruction have become more accessible to states and non-state actors. In addition, the terror attack of September 11, 2001 has become a cornerstone of fight against terrorism in the large scale and therefore western states seek to fight it seriously. The United States of America, with the claim that current policies for fighting proliferation of (WMD), are insufficient, proposed an initiative (the so called Proliferation Security Initiative) to prevent accessibility of terrorists to them. The principal members of this initiative believe that it has no contradiction with international law and until recently a large scale of states have declared their support for the initiative. In contrast, some believe that the initiative has serious contradictions with international law, especially with the law of the sea. Some countries (like the Islamic Republic of Iran, Libya, Syria) and some terrorist groups (like Al Qaeda) are target of the initiative. As our country is subject to the initiative, it is necessary to analysis its contradiction and conformity with international law. In particular, this paper examines the contradictions of the Initiative with the 192 Convention on the Law of the Sea and with the established principles of the Law of the Sea, such as the “Principle of Freedom of Navigation”. Shiraz University 2008-7926 4 v. 1 no. 2012 135 163 https://jls.shirazu.ac.ir/article_224_8a6084311984a13eb19fde337f12e99e.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/jls.2012.224 text article 2012 per Judicial dualism and the separation of general judges from judges with administrative jurisdiction causes many discussions in certain cases. This issue is particularly important when an ordinary judge is playing his role in the interpretation and assessment of the legality of administrative decisions. Since there is a possibility that a general judge may reach a conclusion different from the view of an administrative organ regarding the interpretation of an administrative decision, the competence of the ordinary judge may be questioned. But due to the need of general judge for interpretation of administrative decisions and due to the permission granted by the legislator, the general judge in Iran has absolute jurisdiction for the interpretation of administrative decisions and in France he has this jurisdiction conditionally. Nevertheless, there are more difficulties concerning assessment of the legality of administrative decisions, especially regarding individual decision. Accordingly, there are fundamental limitations for a general judge to assess administrative decisions in both legal systems. Shiraz University 2008-7926 4 v. 1 no. 2012 165 184 https://jls.shirazu.ac.ir/article_225_21640029a7648598d78c1bb9ed724fbe.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/jls.2012.225