اصل رعایت تشریفات قانونی در بازنگری قضایی ایالات متحده آمریکا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای حقوق عمومی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران

2 دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران

چکیده

چکیده
اصلاحیه چهاردهم قانون اساسی آمریکا، برای دیوان عالی این کشور مقدمه‌ای شد جهت تأسیس اصل رعایت تشریفات قانونی تا دادگاه‌ها از این طریق در راستای حمایت از حق‌ها و آزادی‌های بنیادین افراد، کلیه اقدامات دولتی را مورد بازنگری قضایی قرار دهند و در صورت مشاهده موارد مغایر، اقدام تقنینی یا اجرایی موضوع شکایت را بلااثر نمایند در این مقاله به تبیین سازوکار و چهارچوب‌های اِعمال این اصل در رویه قضایی ایالات متحده آمریکا می‌پردازیم تا با تبیین نحوه تضمین حق‌های شهروندی در نظام حقوقی این کشور، برای تصویب قوانین و رویه­های حقوقی آتی در زمینه تضمین حق‌های ملت مقرر در قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران، گام مؤثری باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Due Process of Law in the United States Judicial Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ariyan Petoft 1
  • Mohammadreza Vijeh 2
1 Ph.D. candidate of public law university of Allameh Tabatabaei, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Public Law, faculty of law and political science university of Allameh Tabatabaei, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
14th amendment of the United States constitution, established the “Due Process” clause to create an effective way for protecting fundamental rights and freedoms against all government authorities’ actions through judicial review by courts. Thus, in case of violation, legislative or executive measures subject to complaint will be null and void. This Paper sheds light on the mechanisms and frameworks of applying this principle in the United States judicial review, explaining how the U.S legal system guarantees the citizenship rights; it is an effective step for future legislation and legal practice to guarantee “peoples’ rights” set forth in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : Due process of law
  • Substantive due process
  • Judicial review
  • The United States
  • Protection of citizens’ rights and liberties
 
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